Gum Disease: Stages, Causes, and Treatment
Have you ever eaten ice cream, only to have your teeth ache? Do your gums often bleed when you floss? If they do, chances are you’re one of the 64 million Americans suffering from gum disease. According to the CDC, 47% of adults over 30 in the US have some form of gum disease. Why is this so widespread, and just how serious is it?
Types and Stages of Gum Disease
Gum disease starts as gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums. Inflamed gums are swollen, sensitive, and prone to bleeding when irritated.
If gingivitis is not treated, it progresses to periodontitis, a more severe inflammation centered on the tooth. The gums pull away to reveal spaces, known as “pockets,” which can become infected.
As the body fights to eliminate the infection, bacterial toxins and the immune response break down the bone and connective tissue holding teeth in place. This causes the tooth to become loose and may require an extraction.
Common Causes of Gum Disease
There is a multitude of gum disease causes, such as:
Bad Hygiene – Bacteria in our mouths constantly build up plaque. Without daily brushing and flossing, plaque hardens to become tartar, leading to gum disease.
Smoking – Tobacco use can increase gum disease and make treatment more difficult.
Disease – Diabetics are more prone to gum disease, as are people with HIV or those undergoing cancer treatment.
Medications – Certain medications reduce saliva, which normally protects against gum disease.
Hormone Changes - The hormone changes women experience during pregnancy or menopause can lead to gum sensitivity and increased risk of gum disease.
Stress – Studies show that stress not only weakens the immune system but could lead to increased inflammation in the gums.
Genetics – Certain genes make some people more likely to develop gum disease.
Treating Gum Disease
The right gum disease treatment depends on how severe it has become. If caught early, gum disease may be dealt with by scheduling routine visits and practicing good dental hygiene at home.
If the gum disease has progressed to periodontitis, the dentist may complete scaling and root planing, also known as a deep cleaning. Doctors use manual tools or an ultrasonic scaling device to remove plaque and tartar. He or she then smooths (planes) the root surfaces, enabling the gums to reattach. The dentist may also prescribe medications to help the gums heal.
In severe cases, surgical treatment may be needed. In flap surgery, the dentist lifts back the gums to allow access to difficult-to-reach pockets of tartar, then sutures the gum back in place. They may also use bone or tissue grafts, placing in natural or synthetic bone where bone loss has occurred.
Protect Your Gums
If you think you may have gum disease, visiting a dentist is the best thing you can do for your dental health. Dr. Silvera will make sure your gums are kept as clean and healthy as possible. Remember that early detection and treatment is key. Protect your gums by making an appointment today!